不同性别乌蒙凤鸡血液生化指标测定分析

为更好地保护和利用乌蒙凤鸡遗传资源,对原种场保种群200日龄乌蒙凤鸡的21项血液生化指标进行测定和雌雄差异显著性检验。结果:雌雄乌蒙凤鸡的白球比、谷丙转氨酶、转氨酶比、乳酸脱氢酶有显著差异(P<0.05);其他生化指标无显著差异(P>0.05)。血液生化指标可作为乌蒙凤鸡生产保护和疾病防治等方面的参考依据。     

茶及其副产品在畜禽养殖中的应用

我国茶资源丰富,且其富含多种独特的营养成分,可以调节畜禽机体的生理功能,在畜禽养殖应用中无残留、无毒副作用,能从根本上满足人们对畜禽产品品质安全的需求,从而改善和提高人们的生活水平。为此,文章就茶及其副产物的生物学特征和营养水平进行介绍,并综述其作为饲料资源对畜禽自身的生长发育、畜产品品质的影响,以及在畜禽养殖上的保健作用,旨在为茶及其副产物作为新型饲料资源的开发应用提供参考。     

一例山羊胰阔盘吸虫病的诊治

胰阔盘吸虫病主要由胰阔盘吸虫寄生于牛、羊等反刍动物的胰脏及胰管内,引起机体的胰腺坏死或胰管阻塞的一类疾病。动物感染此病后,主要表现出消瘦、贫血、水肿及消化功能障碍等一系列临床症状。在本次诊治过程中,通过临床症状与病理剖解相结合的方式确定该病病原为胰阔盘吸虫。我们采用吡喹酮+氯氰碘柳胺+安乃近+林可霉素等四种药物对羊群进行驱虫,该养殖场的病情得到基本控制。     

柠檬成熟果实可溶性糖和有机酸积累特征分析

本研究利用GC-MS对3个柠檬品种和2个贵州地方特色宽皮柑橘(牛肉红朱橘和朱红橘)果肉中可溶性糖和有机酸含量进行了检测。研究结果表明,共检测到蔗糖、果糖、葡萄糖、木糖等10种可溶性糖,以及柠檬酸、苹果酸、奎宁酸、草酸等10种有机酸。柠檬、牛肉红朱橘、朱红橘可溶性糖和有机酸组分类似,差异主要在含量上。可溶性糖含量分析结果表明,果实中主要可溶性糖为蔗糖、果糖和葡萄糖,3种主要的可溶性糖在牛肉红朱橘和朱红橘中的平均含量均显著高于柠檬,分别是柠檬的4.51倍、2.18倍和1.68倍。有机酸含量分析结果表明,柠檬有机酸含量远高于牛肉红朱橘和朱红橘,3个柠檬柠檬酸和奎宁酸的平均含量分别是2个宽皮柑橘的12.18倍和10.05倍。以上分析结果表明,可溶性糖和有机酸含量反映了柑橘品种的种质特征,且与果实风味和口感一致。     

The effect of Epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate on small intestinal morphology,antioxidant capacity and anti‐inflammatory effect in heat‐stressed broilers

This study was to investigate the effects of Epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG) on intestinal morphology, antioxidant capacity and anti‐inflammatory response in heat‐stressed broiler. A total of 192 2‐week‐old Arbour Acres broilers chickens were divided into four groups with six replicates per group and eight chickens per replicate: one thermoneutral control group (28°C, group TN), which was fed the basal diet; and three cyclic high‐temperature groups (35°C from 7:00 to 19:00 hr; 28°C from 19:00 hr to 7:00 hr, heat stress group), which were fed the basal diet supplementation with EGCG 0 mg/kg (group HS0), 300 mg/kg (group HS300) and 600 mg/kg (group HS600). The gut morphology and intestinal mucosal oxidative stress indicators, as well as intestinal barrier‐related gene expression, were analysed. The results showed that compared with group TN, heat stress reduced the villus height (VH), activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD)and catalase (CAT), increased the crypt depth (CD) and malondialdehyde (MDA)content at 21, 28 and 35 days (p < 0.05). After the heat‐stressed broilers were supplemented with EGCG, VH, VH/CD (V/C), and the activities of GSH‐Px, SOD and CAT were increased, and CD and MDA content were reduced compared with those in group HS0 without EGCG supplementation at 21, 28 and 35 days (p < 0.05). The EGCG supplementation promoted the gene expression of nuclear factor‐erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2), Claudin‐1, Mucin 2 (Muc2) and alleviated the nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) and lipopolysaccharide‐induced tumour necrosis factor (LITAF) gene expression compared with group HS0 (p < 0.05). Moreover, intestinal morphology was strongly correlated with antioxidant ability and inflammatory response. In conclusion, EGCG alleviated the gut oxidative injury of heat‐stressed broilers by enhancing antioxidant capacity and inhibiting inflammatory response.     

饲粮蛋氨酸对鹅再生羽绒品质、血清指标及基因mRNA表达量的影响

旨在探讨饲粮蛋氨酸对鹅羽绒再生性能、血清指标及半胱氨酸和蛋氨酸代谢通路相关基因表达量的影响。本试验以128只健康霍尔多巴吉鹅为研究对象,于150日龄采绒后随机分成4组,每组4个重复,每个重复8只鹅。各组试验鹅分别饲喂基础饲粮中蛋氨酸添加量为0、0.28%、0.56%和0.84%的饲料,正试期42d。测定比较试验鹅的羽绒千朵绒重、羽枝长度以及血清生化、抗氧化和促生长因子等指标,并通过RT-qPCR检测半胱氨酸和蛋氨酸代谢通路相关基因mRNA的相对表达量。结果发现:1)随着饲粮中蛋氨酸添加比例增加,鹅血清中总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、尿素氮(BUN)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)含量等均未发生显著变化(P>0.05);血清中促生长因子(IGF-1)、催乳素(PRL)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)浓度随之显著升高(P<0.05),但添加量达到0.84%时反而又降低。2)饲粮中添加蛋氨酸可显著提高羽绒的千朵绒重和背部羽枝长度(P<0.05),促进羽绒再生,但不同蛋氨酸添加浓度对羽绒产量影响的差异不显著(P>0.05)。3)RT-qPCR检测结果显示,饲粮中添加蛋氨酸,半胱氨酸和蛋氨酸代谢通路中MAT1A mRNA相对表达量显著下调(P<0.05),基因AHCY在蛋氨酸添加比例为0.28%时mRNA相对表达量极显著下调(P<0.01)。结果表明,饲粮中添加适当浓度的蛋氨酸,可促进鹅体内IGF-1和PRL等促生长因子和抗氧化因子分泌,还可显著提高千朵绒重、背部羽枝长度,降低半胱氨酸和蛋氨酸代谢通路中MAT1A和ACHY基因mRNA的相对表达量,促进羽绒再生,其适宜的总添加量为0.55%～0.83%。     

Effects of berberine on the growth performance,antioxidative capacity and immune response to lipopolysaccharide challenge in broilers

This study evaluated the effects of berberine on growth performance, immunity, haematological parameters, antioxidant capacity, and the expression of immune response‐related genes in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐challenged broilers. We assigned 120 one‐day‐old male broilers (Ross 308) to two treatment groups; each group included two subgroups, each of which included six replicates of five birds per replicate. The experiment used a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with berberine treatment (0 or 60 mg/kg dietary) and challenge status [injection of saline (9 g/L w/v) or LPS (1.5 mg/kg body weight)] as the main factors. On days 14, 16, 18 and 20, broilers were intraperitoneally injected with LPS or physiological saline. Blood and liver samples were collected on day 21. Dietary berberine supplementation significantly alleviated the compromised average daily gain and average daily feed intake (p < 0.05) caused by LPS. The LPS challenge led to increased lymphocyte and white blood cell (WBC) counts, malondialdehyde (serum and liver) content, and immunoglobulin G and M, tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) expression (p < 0.05) and significantly reduced serum total superoxide dismutase (T‐SOD) activity (p < 0.05). Dietary berberine significantly mitigated the LPS‐induced decreases in the mRNA expression of nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB), TNF‐α, IL‐1β, inducible nitrite synthase and cyclooxygenase‐2 (p < 0.05) in the liver. In conclusion, berberine supplementation has a positive effect on LPS challenge, which may be related to the increase in antioxidant enzyme activity and inhibition of both NF‐κB signalling and the expression of inflammatory mediators.     

I群禽腺病毒的分离鉴定及其致病性研究

为了解Ⅰ群腺病毒（FAV-I）在鸡群中的感染状况,对收集的178份疑似病料进行鸡胚病变、细胞病变特征分析,利用RT-PCR、基因测序和BLAST进行病毒的分离鉴定,成功分离出25株FAV-I,其中20株与血清4型同源性较高,5株与血清8型同源性较高。动物回归试验结果表明,攻毒鸡的临床症状和病理变化与自然发病鸡基本一致。     

湖南省长沙市动物卫生监督执法工作调研

通过对湖南省长沙市动物卫生监督所提升行政执法能力探索的综述,分析了现有制度存在发展理念滞后、体制机制未理顺、监督力量薄弱、执法手段落后、法律法规不够完善等问题,建议从统筹规划、监管体系、工作保障、宣传引导等方面入手,全方位提升动物卫生监督执法能力。     

通扬球精等3种药物对牦牛球虫病的治疗效果

为筛选治疗牦牛球虫病的有效药物,使用通扬球精(地克珠利溶液)、通扬血球净(磺胺氯吡嗪钠可溶性粉)等抗球虫药物和治疗牛羊腹泻的中药制剂(杨树花口服液),对青海省刚察县沙流河镇4户牧民家饲养的96头牦牛(73头当年牛犊和23头1岁牦牛)分3组进行抗球虫病药物筛选试验。投药前,3组粪便中的球虫卵囊阳性率分别为87.50%,84.38%和93.75%;连续投药3天,1周后各组对应的粪便球虫卵囊转阴率分别为92.86%、0和10%。该结果说明通扬球精对牦牛球虫病有良好的治疗效果,而通扬血球净和杨树花口服液对牦牛球虫病没有治疗效果。